by Dr Ken Trethewey CEng FIMarEST
Author's note: This set of articles is complementary to the set entitled Lighthouses of Asia. It is intended to expand all of these articles in later editions as more information becomes available. For the purposes of web-based display, each article can be read on its own, but to comprehend the arguments, it is necessary to read the full set of articles, in sequence, as offered below.
Summary
Civilisation and the Origins of Lighthouses
Early Navigation and Pilotage
The Final Stages of Development
The Relevance of Ship Design
Early History of South and
Southeast Asia
European
Exploration and the Need for Spice
The Role of Portugal
The Role of Spain
The Role of the Netherlands
The Role of Great Britain
The British Empire
The Imperial Lighthouse Service
Early Chinese Cultures
Trade with China
Opium
Times of Change in China
© 2004 Ken Trethewey